{"id":885,"date":"2024-06-12T18:35:24","date_gmt":"2024-06-12T16:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=885"},"modified":"2025-11-16T23:35:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T22:35:21","slug":"le-controle-moteur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=885","title":{"rendered":"Le contr\u00f4le moteur"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"definition\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9finition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensemble des op\u00e9rations effectu\u00e9es par les structures nerveuses impliqu\u00e9es dans la pr\u00e9paration et l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des mouvements coordonn\u00e9s (r\u00e9flexes, activit\u00e9s automatiques ou encore des mouvements volontaires)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"approche-cognitive-approche-dynamique\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Approche cognitive \/ approche dynamique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Approche cognitive <\/strong>: cette approche postule que le SNC construit et stocke les mod\u00e8les d\u2019actions au cours de l\u2019apprentissage en d\u00e9crivant les commandes \u00e0 adresser aux syst\u00e8mes effecteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle est bas\u00e9e sur la th\u00e9orie des sch\u00e9mas de SCHMIDT (1975).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>feedback <\/strong>: changement face \u00e0 des situation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>feedfoward <\/strong>: anticipation face \u00e0 une situation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>programme moteur<\/strong> : repr\u00e9sentation centrale qui pr\u00e9d\u00e9termine le mouvement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>sch\u00e9ma de rappel <\/strong>: choisir le bon programme moteur selon les conditions initiales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>sch\u00e9ma de reconnaissance<\/strong> : \u00e9valuer l\u2019erreur de production<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Approche dynamique<\/strong> : cette approche postule que le comportement d\u2019un syst\u00e8me complexe \u00e9merge d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de contraintes ; li\u00e9es soit, \u00e0 la t\u00e2che, \u00e0 l\u2019organisme ou \u00e0 l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"elaboration-et-regulation-du-mouvement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9laboration et r\u00e9gulation du mouvement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"capture-de-linformation-et-intention-de-laction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capture de l\u2019information et intention de l\u2019action<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>3 syst\u00e8mes sensoriels : vestibulaire, visuel et proprioceptif<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Informations visuelles<\/strong> : la vision p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique joue \u00e9norm\u00e9ment dans le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre, la vision fov\u00e9ale et para fov\u00e9ale interviennent surtout dans les d\u00e9tails.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Informations vestibulaires<\/strong> :,le syst\u00e8me vestibulaire analyse la position et les mouvements de la t\u00eate dans les 3 plans et axes de l\u2019espace (il capte l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration). Il est compos\u00e9 de :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>canaux circulaires<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>organes otolithiquesutricule : acc\u00e9l\u00e9rations lin\u00e9aires horizontales (ex = freinage)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>saccule : acc\u00e9l\u00e9rations lin\u00e9aires verticales (ex = saut)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Informations somesth\u00e9siques <\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ext\u00e9roception <\/strong>: infos plantaires\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le pied = organe sensoriel primaire de l\u2019\u00e9quilibration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>il informe sur la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de la zone d\u2019appui corporel au sol et sur les caract\u00e9ristiques de la force de r\u00e9action qui s\u2019exerce sur cette zone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>syst\u00e8me sensoriel : associ\u00e9 aux sensations du toucher, de la pression et de la vibrationinformations somesth\u00e9siques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Proprioception <\/strong>(consciente ou inconsciente) compos\u00e9 de :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fuseaux neuromusculaire : activit\u00e9 de tension de fibres intrafusales\u2192 moduler la sensibilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9cepteurs du fuseau\u2192 entretient de l\u2019activit\u00e9 tonique du muscle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organe tendineux de golgi = m\u00e9canor\u00e9cepteurs proprioceptifs (jonction tendon\/muscle)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les informations sensorielles vont \u00eatre relay\u00e9es au cortex pari\u00e9tal post\u00e9rieur (cortex associatif)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>stimulation du cortex pari\u00e9tal post\u00e9rieur : illusion et intention du mouvement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>patho : parkinson = pb de cortex post\u00e9rieur \u2192 plus d\u2019intention du mouvement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">PLANNIFICATION + PROGRAMMATION \u2794 ANTICIPATION<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"planification\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Planification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la planification est une \u00e9tape n\u00e9cessaire pour construire la base du programme moteur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"programmation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Programmation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La programmation contribue \u00e0 sp\u00e9cifier les param\u00e8tres du mouvement afin d\u2019\u00e9laborer la commande motrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prise en compte de l\u2019\u00e9tat du syst\u00e8me et de l\u2019environnement pour ajuster le \u00ab mouvement type \u00bb qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi lors de la panification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coordination des synergies musculaires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"execution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ex\u00e9cution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab la posture est l\u2019attitude fondamentale d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>r\u00e9gulation => fonction d\u2019\u00e9quilibration humaine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00e9quilibre statique<\/strong> : contr\u00f4le de l\u2019oscillation corporelle dans la station debout<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00e9quilibre dynamique<\/strong> : capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir la position sur la base de support sous l\u2019action de forces ext\u00e9rieures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre intrins\u00e8que<\/strong> : perturbation de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre pr\u00e9visible car g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par soi-m\u00eame.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre extrins\u00e8que<\/strong> : perturbation de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre pr\u00e9visible ou non pr\u00e9visible g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par une force ext\u00e9rieure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ajustements posturaux<\/strong> : (n\u00e9cessaires pour tous les mouvements)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>anticipatoires (APA)<\/strong> : commencent \u00e0 intervenir avant le d\u00e9but de la perturbation posturale occasionn\u00e9e par le mouvement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cons\u00e9cutifs \/ compensateurs (APC)<\/strong> : interviennent plus tardivement, se d\u00e9clenchent par les aff\u00e9rences sensorielles \u2192 stabilisation, correction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Objectifs des APA :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minimiser la perturbation de l\u2019\u00e9quilibre lors du mouvement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimiser la perturbation de l\u2019orientation posturale des segments servant de cadre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019organisation du mouvement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contribuer la r\u00e9alisation du mouvement en termes de vitesse et de force<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9finition Ensemble des op\u00e9rations effectu\u00e9es par les structures nerveuses impliqu\u00e9es dans la pr\u00e9paration et l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des mouvements coordonn\u00e9s (r\u00e9flexes, activit\u00e9s automatiques ou encore des mouvements volontaires) Approche cognitive \/ approche dynamique Approche cognitive : cette&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=885\" class=\"more-link\">Continue Reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \u00ab\u00a0Le contr\u00f4le moteur\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-champ-msq-theorie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le contr\u00f4le moteur - wikine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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