{"id":3962,"date":"2025-03-11T19:16:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T18:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=3962"},"modified":"2026-01-01T23:25:51","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T22:25:51","slug":"lesion-des-nerfs-craniens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=3962","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9sion des nerfs cr\u00e2niens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les 12 paires de nerfs cr\u00e2niens<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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I – Olfactif
II – Optique
III – Oculomoteur
IV – Throcl\u00e9aire
V – Trijumeau
VI – Abducens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

VII -Facial
VIII – Vestibulo-trochl\u00e9aire
IX – Glossopharyngien
X – Vague
XI – Accessoire
XII – Hypoglosse<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Fonctions des nerfs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
I – Olfactif<\/td>Odorat (+go\u00fbt)
Si l\u00e9sion : anosmie (perte de l’odorat)<\/td><\/tr>
II – Optique<\/td>Vision<\/td><\/tr>
III – Oculomoteur<\/td>Motricit\u00e9 occulaire
Si l\u00e9sion : ptosis, regard vers le bas et en dehors + mydriase <\/td><\/tr>
IV – Trochl\u00e9aire<\/td>Motricit\u00e9 occulaire
Si l\u00e9sion : impossibilit\u00e9 de regarder en bas et en dedans, oeil sur\u00e9lev\u00e9 dans le regard horizontal<\/td><\/tr>
V – Trijumeau<\/td>Sensibilit\u00e9 de la face + 2\/3 ant de la langue
Innervation muscles masticateurs<\/td><\/tr>
VI – Abducens<\/td>Motricit\u00e9 occulaire
Si l\u00e9sion : impossibilit\u00e9 de porter l’oeil en dehors. Au repos, l’oeil est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9vi\u00e9 vers le dedans<\/td><\/tr>
VII – Facial<\/td>Sensitif : pavillon de l’oreille
Sensoriel : go\u00fbt du 2\/3 ant de la langue
Moteur : la plupart des muscles peauciers du visage<\/td><\/tr>
VIII – vestibulo-cochl\u00e9aire<\/td>Audition (partie cochl\u00e9aire)
Equilibre (partie vestibulaire)<\/td><\/tr>
IX – Glossopharyngien<\/td>Moteur : muscles du pharynx, dont d\u00e9glutition
Sensorielle : 1\/3 post de la langue
Si l\u00e9sion : Fausses routes
Signe du rideau : d\u00e9viation de la luette du c\u00f4t\u00e9 sain (la partie non paralys\u00e9e attire la luette de son c\u00f4t\u00e9)<\/td><\/tr>
X – Vague<\/td>Fonctions v\u00e9g\u00e9tatives : coeur, poumons, intestins, surr\u00e9n\u00e9ales, pancr\u00e9as
Motricit\u00e9 : pharynx (voile du palais), larynx (cordes vocales)
Si l\u00e9sions : asym\u00e9trie du voile, trouble d\u00e9glutition, trouble de la phonation (voix bitonale)
Signe du rideau<\/td><\/tr>
XI – Accessoire<\/td>Pharynx, larynx
SCOM, trap\u00e8ze<\/td><\/tr>
XII – Hypoglosse<\/td>Motricit\u00e9 de la langue
Si l\u00e9sion : langue d\u00e9vi\u00e9e du cot\u00e9 l\u00e9s\u00e9 si la langue est tir\u00e9e \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieure, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 sain si la langue est dans la bouche<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Nerf optique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les voies optiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

1. R\u00e9tines<\/strong> : h\u00e9mi-r\u00e9tine nasal (re\u00e7oit le champ visuel lat\u00e9ral) et h\u00e9mi-r\u00e9tine temporal (re\u00e7oit le champ visuel m\u00e9dial)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Les nerfs optiques<\/strong> \u00e9mergent derri\u00e8re chaque oeil et se croisent au niveau de la selle turcique du sph\u00e9no\u00efde. Les fibres nerveuses de l’h\u00e9mi-r\u00e9tine nasale d\u00e9cussent et se projette en controlat\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Apr\u00e8s le chiasma<\/strong>, les fibres prennent le nom de bandelette optique<\/strong> (ou tractus) et font relais dans le corps g\u00e9nicul\u00e9 lat\u00e9ral (dans le m\u00e9senc\u00e9phale)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Les radiations optiques <\/strong>se projettent dans le cortex occipital<\/strong> et constituent les voies visuelles<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9ficit visuel selon la localisation de la l\u00e9sion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n

Les zones color\u00e9es dans les cibles de droite repr\u00e9sentent les zones d’amputation du champ visuel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A : c\u00e9cit\u00e9 unilat\u00e9rale gauche totale par l\u00e9sion compl\u00e8te du nerf optique<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B : h\u00e9mianopsie bitemporale par l\u00e9sion chiasmatique<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C : h\u00e9mianopsie lat\u00e9rale droite de l’oeil gauche par compression lat\u00e9rale du chiasma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D : (+G) h\u00e9mianopsie lat\u00e9rale homonyme droite par atteinte de la bandelette optique gauche<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E : (+F) quadranopsie lat\u00e9rale homonyme<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Motricit\u00e9 occulaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Nerf<\/strong><\/td>Muscle<\/strong><\/td>Mouvement<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
III (oculomoteur)<\/td>Droit sup\u00e9rieur
Droit inf\u00e9rieur
Droit interne
Oblique inf\u00e9rieur<\/td>		El\u00e9vation
Abaissement
Adduction
Haut et dehors<\/td><\/tr>
IV (trochl\u00e9aire)<\/td>Oblique sup\u00e9rieur<\/td>Bas (dedans)<\/td><\/tr>
VI (abducens)<\/td>Droit externe<\/td>Abduction<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Nerf facial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anatomie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Noyau sup\u00e9rieur<\/strong> : fibre des aires motrices des 2 h\u00e9misph\u00e8res<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noyau inf\u00e9rieur<\/strong> : fibres de l’aire motrice controlat\u00e9rale<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Paralysie facial p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique (PFP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Etiologies <\/strong>: traumatisme, maladies auto-immunes (Guillain-Barr\u00e9, sarco\u00efdose), infectieuses (zona, syphilis), idiopathique (\u00ab\u00a0A frigore\u00a0\u00bb)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9sion <\/strong>: ensemble de l’h\u00e9miface homolat\u00e9rale touch\u00e9e (sup\u00e9rieure et inf\u00e9rieure). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Signe de Charles Bell<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fermeture de l’oeil impossible, l’oeil est d\u00e9vi\u00e9e en haut et en dehors<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Paralysie faciale centrale (PFC)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Etiologie <\/strong>: AVC, TC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atteinte <\/strong>: moiti\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure du visage controlat\u00e9rale \u00e0 la l\u00e9sion (partie sup\u00e9rieure aussi possible mais plus discr\u00e8te)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dissociation automatico-volontaire<\/strong> : si on demande au patient de sourire, la paralysie faciale est franche. En cas de rire spontan\u00e9e, l’asym\u00e9trie est moins importante et peut m\u00eame dispara\u00eetre<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sch\u00e9ma r\u00e9capitulatif<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
\n

Diff\u00e9rence entre paralysie faciale p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique et paralysie faciale centrale<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

La langue<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Motricit\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>Sensibilit\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>Sensoriel<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Int\u00e9gralement par le XII<\/td>2\/3 ant par le V
1\/3 post par le X<\/td>		2\/3 ant par le VII
1\/3 post par le IX<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les 12 paires de nerfs cr\u00e2niens I – OlfactifII – OptiqueIII – OculomoteurIV – Throcl\u00e9aireV – TrijumeauVI – Abducens VII -FacialVIII – Vestibulo-trochl\u00e9aireIX – GlossopharyngienX – VagueXI – AccessoireXII – Hypoglosse Fonctions des nerfs I…<\/p>\n

Continue Reading \u00ab\u00a0L\u00e9sion des nerfs cr\u00e2niens\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-champ-neuro-autres"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00e9sion des nerfs cr\u00e2niens - wikine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=3962\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u00e9sion des nerfs cr\u00e2niens - wikine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les 12 paires de nerfs cr\u00e2niens I – OlfactifII – OptiqueIII – OculomoteurIV – Throcl\u00e9aireV – TrijumeauVI – Abducens VII -FacialVIII – Vestibulo-trochl\u00e9aireIX – GlossopharyngienX – VagueXI – AccessoireXII – Hypoglosse Fonctions des nerfs I…Continue Reading "L\u00e9sion des nerfs cr\u00e2niens"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=3962\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"wikine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-11T18:16:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-01T22:25:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-10-png.avif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kineaphp.fr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kineaphp.fr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=3962\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kineaphp.fr\/?p=3962\",\"name\":\"L\u00e9sion des nerfs cr\u00e2niens - 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